如果你滿意，應(yīng)當(dāng)加分的哦，下面是個(gè)完整的論文About IC Card關(guān)鍵字: IC卡ID卡接觸式IC卡感應(yīng)式IC卡射頻IC卡電話IC卡 Keyword: IC card ID card contactless IC card contactless IC card RF IC card telephone IC cardIC Card 又有時(shí)稱為Smart Card.它是先將IC封裝成module，然后嵌入到PVC等類型的塑料或其他材料制成的卡片上得到的。 IC Card also called Smart Card， which is a first IC packaging module， and then embedded in PVC， and other types of plastic or other materials are on the cards. 根據(jù)其與外部通信方式可以分成兩類: 接觸式IC卡，射頻IC卡。 According to its external communications can be divided into two categories: contactless IC card， RF IC card.一、接觸式IC卡 First， contactless IC card接觸式IC卡通過(guò)觸點(diǎn)與外界實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣接觸進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交換.其物理、電氣特性應(yīng)遵循ISO7816-1/2/3協(xié)議。 Contactless IC card through contact with the outside world to achieve electrical contact data exchange. Its physical and electrical characteristics should follow ISO7816-1/2/3 agreement. ISO7816－1/2/3詳細(xì)描述了接觸式IC卡的物理尺寸、卡觸點(diǎn)功能、通信協(xié)議等物理、電氣規(guī)范。 ISO7816-1/2/3 detailed description of the contactless IC card physical size， function cards contacts， communication protocols， such as physics， electrical specifications. 根據(jù)接觸式IC卡的數(shù)據(jù)加密情況可以將接觸式IC卡大致分為三類: 存儲(chǔ)卡 、簡(jiǎn)單加密邏輯卡、 CPU卡 。 According to the contactless IC card data can be encrypted contactless IC card will be roughly divided into three categories: memory cards， simple encryption logic card， CPU card.1、 存儲(chǔ)卡實(shí)際上就是普通的EEPROM，不過(guò)是封裝成module嵌入到卡片上了而已。 1， memory card is actually an ordinary EEPROM， but is packaged as module embedded in the card only. 只要實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣接觸就可以對(duì)其內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行無(wú)條件訪問(wèn)當(dāng)然需要根據(jù)該型號(hào)EEPROM的電氣規(guī)范了。 As long as we can achieve electrical contact between its internal data unconditional visit of course， in accordance with the model of the electrical specifications of the EEPROM. 這種卡安全性幾乎為0，所以只能用于一些對(duì)安全性不作要求的場(chǎng)合。 This card security almost to zero， so some can only be used for the safety of not request occasions.2、帶簡(jiǎn)單加密邏輯的IC卡內(nèi)部除了常見的EEPROM/EPROM/ROM類型的存儲(chǔ)器外，還帶有一專門設(shè)計(jì)的加密邏輯電路，用以防護(hù)敏感嘈?數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)。 2， with a simple encryption logic IC card in addition to common internal EEPROM / EPROM / ROM type memory， but also with a specially designed encryption logic circuits for the protection sensitive Cao? Data area. 通常是兩個(gè)字節(jié)的口令字，口令字以明文的形式遞交給卡片，卡片效驗(yàn)通過(guò)后才允許對(duì)保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)訪問(wèn)。 Usually two byte password， password in the form of the word to express submitted to the card through the card-tested after allowing for data protection zone visit.3、至于CPU卡當(dāng)然其內(nèi)部有一內(nèi)嵌CPU了，這種卡一般都采用國(guó)際上通用的DES、RSA等加密算法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行保護(hù)。 3， as of course its internal CPU card embedded with a CPU， and this kind of cards are generally used international generic DES， RSA encryption algorithm such as data protection. 為了加快數(shù)據(jù)交換的速度，往往還擁有內(nèi)嵌的RSA算法協(xié)處理器等。 In order to accelerate the speed of data exchange， often with embedded RSA algorithm coprocessor， and other. CPU卡的CPU一般為8031/51系列單片機(jī)的內(nèi)核，也有采用其他內(nèi)核的。 CPU CPU cards generally 8031/51 Series MCU core， but also the use of other cores. 卡內(nèi)通常有一固化的COS卡片操作系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)卡內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)管理。 Cards usually have a curable COS cards operating system， the realization of the card data management. 這種卡進(jìn)行密碼效驗(yàn)時(shí)密碼是不以明文出現(xiàn)在通信線上的。 This card password-tested when the password is not explicitly appear in the online communication. 另外為了提高其安全性以更適合于金融等應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合，卡片的IC在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)也采用了一些諸如總線加擾等反剖析措施，防止激光切割剖析? In addition to improving their safety in a more suited to financial applications， the IC card is used in the design of the bus， such as some scrambling， and other anti-analysis measures to prevent the laser cutting analysis?二、射頻IC卡 Second， RF IC card射頻IC卡通過(guò)卡內(nèi)的線圈與外界進(jìn)行射頻通信實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)交換.這種IC卡有的帶有內(nèi)部電池，可以工作3年或是幾年，也有的靠線圈的感應(yīng)電流工作。 RF IC card through the card in the RF coil communication with the outside world for achieving data exchange. Some of this IC card with internal battery， can work a few years or three years， and some are on the induction coil current work. 由于線圈的體積決定了感應(yīng)電流的強(qiáng)度從而決定了其有效作用距離，所以有的公司設(shè)計(jì)的射頻IC卡允許用戶自己設(shè)計(jì)、繞制線圈。 As the size of the coil determines the intensity of the induced current to determine its effective distance， so some companies design of RF IC card allows users to design their own， winding coils. 這種卡經(jīng)常用于諸如身份鑒別等場(chǎng)合。 This card is frequently used as identification， and so on.三、關(guān)于電話IC卡 Third， on the telephone IC card電話IC卡應(yīng)該算是屬于簡(jiǎn)單邏輯加密卡。 Telephone IC card is simple logic should be considered encryption card. 不過(guò)它的設(shè)計(jì)又與進(jìn)行口令字效驗(yàn)的簡(jiǎn)單加密邏輯卡不同，因此筆者認(rèn)為有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的單獨(dú)介紹。 But it is designed with a password-tested a simple encryption card different logic， I believe that it is necessary to introduce a simple single. 對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單加密邏輯卡，當(dāng)寫口令效驗(yàn)通過(guò)后可以對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)進(jìn)行寫操作，這意味者可以對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行任意改動(dòng)。 For simple encryption logic card， when write-tested through the password can be conducted on the data write operation， it will mean that the data can be arbitrarily changed. 電話卡則不允許有這樣的操作否則卡上的錢不就可以改了?，所以電話卡設(shè)計(jì)成一形同算盤方式計(jì)數(shù)的計(jì)數(shù)器，卡片發(fā)行后，該計(jì)數(shù)器只能減，不能加，換言之，只能扣錢，不能加錢，用完后卡片作廢。 Phone cards do not allow the operation of this otherwise， the money is not on the card can be changed?， Telephone cards designed to counter a way of thinking is tantamount to counter card issuers， the counter will only decrease， not increase， in other words， only Koujian can， and the money can not be used after the card void. 那位要問(wèn)了:那不是隨便搞張同型號(hào)的卡就可以打“免費(fèi)”電話了？ He would ask: it is not easily engage with models of the card can be a "free" phone? 非也，電話卡有一ROM區(qū)，生產(chǎn)廠商預(yù)先將大宗客戶編號(hào)寫在里面了。 No， there is a calling card ROM， manufacturers， in advance bulk of the code written on the inside. 卡片出廠后就無(wú)法改動(dòng)了。 Cards can not be altered after the factory. 另外還有一區(qū)域是供用戶如電信局添的，用戶填寫完后可以將保護(hù)熔絲熔斷，使該用戶數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)不可更改。 There is also a region is for users such as the bureau Tim， users can be protected after completing the fuse links， the user can not change the data area. 所以IC卡電話靠這兩個(gè)號(hào)就可以將非法卡據(jù)之門外。 Therefore， IC card on the phone， these two cards can be illegal according to the gateway. 但是從技術(shù)的角度上講現(xiàn)行的IC卡電話系統(tǒng)還是不完善，還是有可行辦法攻擊當(dāng)前的IC卡電話系統(tǒng)。 However， from a technical perspective， the existing telephone system or IC card imperfect， there are still options attack the current IC card telephone system. 當(dāng)然筆者又不想來(lái)個(gè)什么高科技犯罪之類的舉動(dòng)，對(duì)于這種危害公共安全的問(wèn)題就不再多言了。 Of course， what the author does not want high-tech crimes such moves， such endangering public safety issues will not say more about. 如果電話IC卡采用CPU卡其安全性可就上臺(tái)階了，當(dāng)然成本也就上臺(tái)階了:-。 If the telephone IC cards， CPU khaki on the security level， of course， it costs a level :-.四、IC Card 生產(chǎn)商 4， IC Card manufacturers比較著名的IC Card生產(chǎn)制造商有Gemplus、Siemens、Philip、Atmel等。 Comparison of the famous IC Card manufacturers have Gemplus， Siemens， Philip， such as Atmel. 它們提供各種型號(hào)的IC Card，客戶也可以定做。 They provide various types of IC Card， customers can be customized. 另外國(guó)內(nèi)這幾年雨后春荀般冒出了許多所謂的IC卡制作商，實(shí)際上它們只是完成ICmodule到塑料基片的封裝以及印刷工作。 Another domestic few years after the rain this spring Xun as the emergence of many so-called IC card maker， in fact they merely completed ICmodule to plastic substrate packaging and printing work. 哈工大曾經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)出過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)第一片IC卡芯片。 HIT has designed the first-ever domestic IC card chips.